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Hotel Lux (Люксъ) was a hotel in Moscow that, during the early years of the Soviet Union, housed many leading exiled Communists. During the Nazi era, exiles from all over Europe went there, particularly from Germany. A number of them became leading figures in German politics in the postwar era. Initial reports of the hotel were very good, although its problem with rats was mentioned as early as 1921. Communists from more than 50 countries came for congresses and for training or to work. By the 1930s, Joseph Stalin had come to regard the international character of the hotel with suspicion and its occupants as potential spies. His purges created an atmosphere of fear among the occupants, who were faced with mistrust, denunciations, and nightly arrests. The purges at the hotel peaked between 1936 and 1938. Germans who fled Hitler for safety in the Soviet Union found themselves interrogated, arrested, tortured, and sent to forced labor camps. Most of the 178 leading German communists who were killed in Stalin's purges were residents of Hotel Lux. == Early history == Originally named ''Hotel Frantsiya'', the hotel was built as a luxury hotel in 1911〔Peter Dittmar, ("Der steinerne Zeuge des stalinistischen Terrors" ) ''Die Welt'' (October 30, 2007). Retrieved November 11, 2011 〕 by the son of Ivan Filippov, a well-known Moscow baker,〔("Legendary reporter" ) ''This is Russia'' (September 20, 2011). Retrieved November 12, 2011〕 whose baked goods were delivered widely, even to the tsar's residence.〔Johannes Voswinkel, ("Frühstück mit Genossen" ) ''Die Zeit'' (March 19, 2008). Retrieved November 14, 2011 〕 Located at Tverskaya Street 36, it had four stories and housed the Filippov Café.〔 The hotel was taken over by the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution and renamed Люксъ, i.e. ''Hotel de luxe.'' It came to be used by the Communist International (Comintern) as lodging for communist revolutionaries from other countries.〔Alexander Cammann, ("Müde Kalauer im roten Bunker" ) ''Die Zeit'' (October 23, 2011). Retrieved November 13, 2011 〕 Guests were lodged according to hierarchy, more important individuals received better rooms.〔Weber (October 2006), p. 56〕 Some rooms were also used for meetings.〔 In June and July 1921, 600 delegates who came to the Third World Congress of the Communist International from 52 countries were housed at Hotel Lux. With the sudden influx of so many international revolutionaries, the hotel began to be known as the "headquarters of the world revolution".〔 Germany alone sent 41 delegates. The Hamburg Uprising was discussed at the hotel,〔 both before and after the events. After the Comintern was founded, many of the Party's leading functionaries lived at the hotel, including Ernst Reuter〔Weber (October 2006), p. 57〕 and the hotel became the best known of the Comintern's buildings, although its offices were elsewhere.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hotel Lux」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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